AI Regulation ReferenceDoes Framework Convention on AI, Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law (CETS 225) require Human Oversight?
Council of Europe • enacted
Yes — 1 provision
Requirements at a glance
This regulation imposes 4 specific requirements for Human Oversight across 1 provision:
- Access to redress — Ensure effective access to remedies for persons adversely affected by AI system decisions
- Contestability — Enable persons to contest AI-driven outcomes through fair mechanisms
- Notification of affected persons — Notify individuals subject to AI decisions that affect their rights
- Fair procedures — Ensure fair procedural safeguards, including meaningful appeal rights
Remedies and Procedural Safeguards (Articles 14–15) #
CETS 225 is the first international treaty to establish a right to contest AI decisions. Articles 14–15 create binding remedies and procedural safeguards — including appeal rights and notification — that States must embed in domestic law, surpassing any existing voluntary framework on human oversight.
Requirements
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Access to redress | Ensure effective access to remedies for persons adversely affected by AI system decisions |
| Contestability | Enable persons to contest AI-driven outcomes through fair mechanisms |
| Notification of affected persons | Notify individuals subject to AI decisions that affect their rights |
| Fair procedures | Ensure fair procedural safeguards, including meaningful appeal rights |
Penalties
| Violation | Fine |
|---|---|
| Non-compliance | Binding treaty — enforcement through domestic implementation and Conference of the Parties oversight |